The APA Tries to Discover Important Male Issues

Honeycomb on Boxer’s blog tuned me in to the Holy Grail of Cuckoldry: Psychology of Men & Masculinity? is a quarterly publication and registered trademark of the American Psychological Association. Seems that the people who were convinced by peer pressure that humans aren’t sexually dimorphic if they feel strongly about it later decided to improve their understanding of male psychology, the stresses it faces and hegemonic masculine norms. With help, of course, from their new friends, the homosexual psychopolitical persons of color.

Get your popcorn ready for a whirlwind tour of official science that can’t be replicated!

I perused the sample articles on their website:

https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/men/sample.aspx

Masculine Norms, Peer Group, Pornography, Facebook, and Men’s Sexual
Objectification of Women

Renee Mikorski and Dawn M. Szymanski (Female ratio 2 of 2)

In this study, we examined the relations between 3 dimensions of traditional masculine gender role adherence (playboy, power over women, and violence) and likelihood to sexually objectify women via body evaluation and making unwanted sexual advances. In addition, we examined the moderating roles of association with a male peer group that abuses women, pornography consumption, and Facebook use in these links. Participants were 329 heterosexually identified undergraduate men who completed an online survey.

Two chicks used an online survey to prove porn and normal male behavior (and Facebook?) make men abusive to women. I can do better science than that with a meme generator:

Results revealed that endorsement of playboy and violence masculine norms and higher levels of pornography use uniquely predicted more body evaluation of women.

Honey, I want you to look like THIS!

Pornography use, Facebook use, the interaction of playboy norms and association with abusive male peers, the interaction of power over women norms and association with abusive male peers, and the interaction of violence norms and association with abusive male peers were unique predictors of making unwanted sexual advances.

“Wives, obey your husbands” -God. “Don’t associate with God.” -American Psychological Association

.Do You Even Lift, Bro?. Objectification, Minority Stress, and Body Image Concerns for Sexual Minority Men

by Melanie E. Brewster, Riddhi Sandil, Cirleen DeBlaere, Aaron Breslow, and Austin Eklund (Females 5/7)

Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, sexual minority men may experience a greater pressure to conform to a “culturally desirable” body type, body shape, and/or size that meets the standard of attractiveness set forth by this unique culture. However, with regard to “preferred” body types for sexual minority men, data are mixed. Some studies suggest that.akin to heterosexual women.they feel pressure to be thin, while other studies find that sexual minority men are driven to gain bulk and have more defined musculature.

These differing results happen because some fags like to be on top and some like to be on bottom. Even perversions of the sex act favor a dominant masculine and submissive feminine, something the APA is no longer allowed to notice.

Use of AAS is common among male athletes and body builders. However, steroid use is also prevalent among nonathletes, with 1% of U.S. college students reporting the use of AAS during their lifetime. Research suggests that men who use AAS wish to achieve a more muscular body as well as an increase in athletic performance; some men also report that, given the changes to their bodies, using AAS allows them to feel more confident.

There’s no other reason to use anabolic steroids. And yes, being strong feels good. You could have simply asked us, females.

However, use of AAS is more commonly linked to psychological disorders, such as
anxiety and depression, as well as physical concerns, including cardiomyopathy and hypertension than positive outcomes. As such, use of AAS can lead to lifelong physical and psychological concerns for men. Considering the established link between steroid use and negative physical and psychological variables, its use in men may actually be suggestive of a body image disorder similar to bulimia or anorexia nervosa in women.

More likely, these men thought of steroids as a magical needle of injectable muscle, didn’t do their gym work and ended up with manboobs and no balls. Similar to women.

College Men’s and Women’s Masculine Gender Role Strain and Dating Violence Acceptance Attitudes: Testing Sex as a Moderator

by Ryon C. McDermott, Paige D. Naylor, Daniel McKelvey, and Lacy Kantra (Females 8/11)

The people investigating the consequences of porn should be investigating these authors. We could call it a confirmation study, maybe?

Contextualizing Behaviors Associated With Paranoia: Perspectives of Black Men

by Della V. Mosley, Kathryn Haynes Owen, Sharon Scales Rostosky, and Robert J. Reese (Females 11/14)

“Barriers to Psychopolitical Well-Being for Black Men”

There are several barriers to psychopolitical well-being that Black men must cope with and/or resist. The term psychopolitical emphasizes the “inseparable nature” of psychological and political aspects of wellness. This framework seeks to remedy deficits commonly found in psychological literature on well-being that privileges individualistic, decontextualized approaches to functioning that are found to be less effective for theorizing about Black people and their concerns. This more holistic approach considers how oppression, experienced as structural sociopolitical exclusion with biopsychosocial costs, relates to the inequitable distribution of wellness; and is therefore problematic across personal, relational, and collective realms.

“Psychopolitical”, I can use that. Are these fools going where I think they’re going?

For example, in a series of studies related to implicit crime-related bias toward Black
Americans, it was found that police officers and undergraduate students made bidirectional associations between Blackness and crime. Personal aspects of Black masculinity were crucial as it was Black male faces that were found to be more quickly associated with crime-related objects. Additionally, more stereotypical Black male faces and features were more often falsely identified by police in a lineup task.

Yep, they went there. Memo to all psychologists and sociologists, stereotypes exist for valid reasons. I love how they lumped together police officers and undergraduate students. They both need more education in order to believe their leaders?

Implicit racial biases related to criminality are prevalent for Black men. For example, outcome data on New York City’s “Stop and Frisk” policy indicated that .685,724 stops were made in New York City in 2011; 88% of those stopped were not charged with any crime; 84% of those stopped were African-American or Latino. (Center for Constitutional Rights, 2012). Black men also account for the largest percentage of inmates (37%; Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice, 2014), despite comprising only 6% of the United States population (United States Census Bureau, 2012). These data suggest that stereotypes and implicit biases against Black men lead to oppressive relational interactions (e.g., lack of police support when in need, dehumanization) and collective level costs (e.g., mass incarceration, economic disadvantage).

They went there and bought a freakin’ farm. This is dogma, not science. This should never have passed peer review.

Integrating Self-Concept Into the Relationship Between Drive for Muscularity, and Disordered Eating and Depression, Among Men

by Mike C. Parent and Tyler C. Bradstreet (Females 11/16)

I thought this one could be interesting because men rarely suffer from eating disorders (other than “too many bacon cheeseburgers” and “Top Ramen-induced scurvy”). Depression is associated with eating changes but that’s not an eating disorder, that’s depression sucking the fun out of life and bacon cheeseburgers. Women have eating disorders because they’re naturally self-conscious about their beauty. What kind of man would be that self-conscious about… his beauty… uh-oh.

Research on men’s health has increasingly recognized the importance of depression and eating disorders among men. The present study sought to extend extant work on self-concept and depression to men, incorporating muscularity-related attitudes and behaviors, and also incorporating risk for disordered eating.

Interesting they didn’t use the word “masculinity”.

Two samples, one of 204 heterosexual college men and one of 197 gay and bisexual men sampled online, were recruited. Participants completed measures of drive for muscularity, self-concept, depression symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms. Data were analyzed using a structural equation model in which the relationships between drive for muscularity attitudes and behaviors, and depression and eating disorder symptoms, were mediated by physical self-concept, global physical self-concept, and self-esteem.

The model was supported for the gay and bisexual men sample, but not for the college men sample. Implications for future research with men, and integration of body-related variables into therapy with men, are discussed.

Fags again. Yes, girly men who care about their girly figures should be expected to develop girly problems more often than real men.

And that’s why the study didn’t use “masculinity”.

Men.s Depression: Endorsed Experiences and Expressions

by Miranda M. Nadeau, Michael J. Balsan, and Aaron B. Rochlen (Females 12/19)

The current study investigated the subjective expressions of a hypothetical depression experience in a community-based sample of 268 men. Participants were asked to imagine undergoing 1 of 5 difficult life events while completing measures of traditional depression, masculine depression, and conformity to hegemonic masculinity norms. More than 20% of men who would describe themselves as depressed as a result of the potential event failed to meet traditional diagnostic criteria.

“Imagine if you were depressed. What would be your symptoms?”

“I would be depressed… because my boss asked me to replicate your findings. I don’t want to pull stuff out of your ass.”

“Okay… we understand… you’re a hegemonic masculine normie.”

Of those who denied the possibility of experiencing depression, approximately 70% met traditional criteria for the disorder. In addition, a significant number of men endorsed a unique profile of symptoms not captured by traditional notions of depression (e.g., feeling that one needs to handle problems on one’s own and feeling under constant pressure). Finally, men who adhered to hegemonic masculinity norms were more likely than other men to endorse anger and aggression as aspects of depression. Considerations and implications for future research are discussed.

Translation, healthy men tend to have anger as part of their depression instead of female crying episodes. THAT is a testable hypothesis, not hegemonic masculinity norms.

The Role of Social Class, Ethnocultural Adaptation, and Masculinity Ideology on Mexican American College Men’s Well-Being

by guess who, three taco-benders: Lizette Ojeda, Brandy Pin.a-Watson, and Gerardo Gonzalez (Females 14/22)

Two words: population size.

Three words: authors’ personal bias

Five words: PhD = Pile of Horse Dung

Drive for Muscularity in Asian American Men: Sociocultural and Racial/Ethnic Factors as Correlates

by Hsiu-Lan Cheng, Ryon C. McDermott, Y. Joel Wong, and Susanna La (Females 16/24???)

Why does THIS survey not use “masculinity”?

Drive for muscularity is a prominent factor in men’s body image concerns; however, researchers have typically examined this construct in samples of predominantly White, non-Hispanic men. The present study extended existing sociocultural theories of men’s body image by examining the relative contributions of media internalization (i.e., general internalization and athletic ideal internalization of media body image portrayals), acculturative experiences (i.e., acculturation to mainstream American culture, enculturation to one’s heritage culture), and racial stressors (i.e., perceived
racial discrimination, perceived perpetual foreigner racism) as predictors of drive for muscularity attitudes and behaviors in a large sample of Asian American college men (N 338).

Whew, no fags! They just want to find out why yellow gymbros exist, which somebody thought was money well spent. My guess would be that a healthier diet with real meat, not sushi and that Korean not-cabbage, helps them grow bigger. One could test this by comparing average heights across generations, another measure of nutrition-derived health. Fun fact: Most American men would not fit in medieval-produced body armor because we never suffered famine in childhood.

After controlling for participants. self-esteem…

sigh

…body mass index, ethnicity, and generational status in the U.S., hierarchical regressions revealed that greater acculturation to mainstream American culture and perceived perpetual foreigner racism predicted unique variance in drive for muscularity attitudes over and above the contributions of both forms of media internalization.

Translation: Asians who abandon their Asian roots get more buff. That is consistent with both better nutrition and American concepts of self-reliance.

Body image concerns, historically viewed as women’s issues, have been increasingly observed in men. Although the sociocultural standard of physical attractiveness for
women focuses on thinness and a slender body shape, the standard for men emphasizes a muscular body ideal. The ideal physique for men, as reflected in the Western media, is
tall and muscular, with wide shoulders, large biceps, a hefty chest, and a narrow waist low in body fat and, although highly valued, is also unrealistic to attain.

The phrasing of this paragraph makes me think that the author believes the sexiness of big, tall, strong men is a social construct. Meanwhile, Roosh is on record saying that the reason women like visibly huge muscles with low body fat is because they can’t tell the difference between a strong man and a weak man unless it’s that obvious.

Asian American men, like most men in the United States, are surrounded by rampant media portrayals of highly muscular male body images. Though largely unattainable, the muscularity ideal is espoused by the American public as an embodiment of hegemonic masculine norms…

There’s that phrase again. These researcher are from different universities yet share curiously similar language.

…such as self-reliance, competitiveness, dominance, and physical strength. Because
muscularity is often associated with masculinity, researchers have noted that minority men who may not fit the typical masculine body ideal are often unhappy with their appearance and may feel less masculine. Asian American men, in particular, may be at a disadvantage to meet the ideal body standards because of a biological predisposition to body types that depart from the White-centric aesthetic ideal.

Why do they think bulging biceps is white-centric? What female prefers a small, weak man to a big, strong man? …No, she only slept with Harvey Weinstein to get into Hollywood.

Moreover, the U.S. media often denigrate the Asian male physique, racializing them in restrictive or negative images such as small, unathletic, nerdy, socially awkward, and lacking sexual and romantic competencies.

That’s the price of being smart, kids. Sex is fun but women and heavy weights just aren’t as interesting as math class. My sympathies. Asian traditions of conformity don’t encourage confidence, either.

Thus, it is perhaps not surprising that Asian American men are aware of the negative media and public stereotypes against them, which may promote greater drive for muscularity as a stereotype-countering strategy.

Why is it a problem if Asian Americans want to get buff? Are the authors being intolerant of their chosen lifestyle? Or did the Asian male authors fail a massive shit test by the Asian female authors while “researching” this paper?

Measuring Masculinity in the Context of Chronic Disease

by Suzanne K. Chambers, Melissa K. Hyde, John L. Oliffe, Leah Zajdlewicz, Anthony Lowe, Addie C. Wootten, and Jeff Dunn (Females 20/31)

Masculine beliefs are influential in men’s responses to illness; however, current measures of masculinity may not be salient for highly prevalent chronic diseases such as prostate cancer. To address this gap, a contextualized measure of masculinity for men with prostate cancer was developed.

This article is just rude. “How masculine does prostate cancer make you feel?”

Masculinity and Men’s Self-Harm Behaviors: Implications for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Disorder

by Jonathan D. Green and Matthew Jakupcak (Females 20/33)

This one is legit. It might deserve its own post.

Masculine Consciousness and Anti-Effeminacy Among Latino and White Gay Men

by Francisco J. S?nchez, F. Javier Blas-Lopez, Mar?a Jos? Mart?nez-Pati?o, and Eric Vilain

There’s no chance any of those authors are cis-male. Females 24/37.

No Harm in Looking, Right? Men’s Pornography Consumption, Body Image, and Well-Being

by Tracy L. Tylka. Final count, Females 25 of 38. 66%, nearly identical with current college enrollment gender ratios. We may now discontinue all sexual affirmative-action programs.

Suffice to say, she thinks porn gives men bad self-images because they’re comparing themselves to society’s ideal masculine appearance. Total hamsterbation. That’s what porn does to women… because they have to outperform pictures that never disrespect the viewer and sex dolls that never get fat. God forbid that a woman should ever have poor self-image because she can’t outperform a DOLL.

Time for dinner.